What distinguishes horizontal integration in Industry 4.0?

Horizontal integration in Industry 4.0 refers to the practice of linking various manufacturing systems and processes across the entire supply chain rather than being confined to a single vertical operation. This approach allows for greater collaboration and communication between different stages of production, from raw materials to finished products.

By integrating horizontally, organizations can enable real-time visibility and data exchange between suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, and even customers. This interconnectedness enhances efficiency, responsiveness, and adaptability to market changes, ultimately leading to better decision-making and improved overall performance.

Options focused on vertical processes or limited to real-time data sharing within a single factory do not capture the essence of horizontal integration. Additionally, eliminating all digital systems contradicts the foundational principles of Industry 4.0, which emphasizes embracing digital transformation.